<p>The Cleveland Mine Engine House Number 3, also known as the Brownstone Engine House, is a building located at 601 Division Street in Ishpeming, Michigan. It was built to house engines hoisting ore from various Cleveland Mine locales, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Cleveland Mine was established in 1849, and was the second iron mine opened on the Marquette Iron Range after the Jackson Mine. The mine was one of the largest producers in the area from the 1850s through the 1880s,</p><br>
<p>The first portion of the engine house was built in 1880-1882 and served as the mine&#39;s primary engine house. In 1884, the size of the building was doubled, and a four-engine hoist was installed.</p><br>
<p>The iron ore mined by the Cleveland Mine company was depleted in the early 1890s. However, in 1891, the assets of the Cleveland Mining company were merged with that of other iron companies in the area, including the Jackson Mine and the Iron Cliffs Mine, to form the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. Samuel L. Mather&#39;s son William G. Mather was president of the merged company. The Number 3 Engine House was converted to a storage facility.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The engine house is constructed of stone, with an iron roof truss. The building is considered an outstanding example early masonry mine buildings built in the Upper Peninsula iron fields.</p><br>
<p>Pear Valley is a one-room yeoman&#39;s cottage and prime example of vernacular architecture in Eastville, Virginia. The modest embellishments and its high level of preservation make it one of the most architecturally interesting examples of small, historic homes in Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is very typical of early Chesapeake architecture. It is a 1-1/2 story brace-framed structure, clad in weatherboard siding that is largely original, with one wall of brick laid in Flemish bond. Its interior consists of a single chamber with a sleeping loft above. The dwelling is remarkably detailed and impeccably constructed. The owners were presumably slightly more well-off than their near neighbors, but still not wealthy enough to afford a larger, brick building. Distinctive features of the building include a pyramidal chimney and glazed brickwork. Although there used to be controversy surrounding the construction date, Dendrochronology and extensive study place the date between 1720 and 1750. The building underwent a number of alterations in the 19th and early 20th centuries. From the mid-1940s to the mid-1980s the house was little-used, sometimes housing migrant workers, but it was also used for storage, and as a chicken house for a time.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Preservation Virginia purchased the property in 1986. They began extensive restoration work, including repairing the foundation, in 1994. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2013. On November 13, 2014 Preservation Virginia transferred ownership of Pear Valley to the newly formed Northampton Historic Preservation Society (formerly the 100-year-old Northampton Branch, PVA).</p><br>
<p>The property is currently open to the public by appointment.</p><br>
<p>The Breitenbush Guard Station in Willamette National Forest, Detroit, Oregon was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service and was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its Rustic architecture, as part of a multiple property listing of Depression Era works of the USA Forest Service in Oregon and Washington. Its nomination asserts:The Breitenbush Guard Station exemplifies the rustic architectural idiom developed</p><br>
<p>by the Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, to impart Forest Service</p><br>
<p>identity and to represent its purposes and ideals; and signifies the agency&#39;s</p><br>
<p>particular interpretation of a singular expression of early twentieth century</p><br>
<p>American architectural thought.</p><br>
<p>The nomination continues to assert that the station is an "outstanding example of an architectural</p><br>
<p>locution invested with special aesthetic and associative values by the agency that created it."</p><br>
<p>The listing included two contributing buildings, a single dwelling and a secondary structure, on 2.9 acre. The station building was an H-shaped, wood building on a concrete foundation, with a high gabled roof.</p><br>
<p>It was removed from the National Register in February 2011 after being destroyed by fire in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Brush Creek Work Center in Medicine Bow National Forest near Saratoga, Wyoming is a ranger station of the USDA Forest Service, Region 2 that was built during 1937-41 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service in rustic style. The designs were applications of standard plans.</p><br>
<p>The site has three contributing buildings and five non-contributing ones, on an included area of 70 acre. The contributing buildings are an office/residence, a residence, and a garage; the non-contributing ones include several sheds.</p><br>
<p>According to its nomination to the National Register:</p><br>
<p>The Brush Creek Work Center is significant... for its association with expansion of Forest Service administration from custodial superintendence to active resource management. Built by the Civilian Conservation Corps, it reflects the contribution of this Federal Works program to the expansion of Forest Service resource management during the 1930&#39;s. It is also significant because it embodies a distinctive style of architecture developed by the Forest Service during the Depression-era. The use of standard plans was typical of remote Forest Service installations and the log building style conformed well with the forested surroundings. The buildings represent a distinctive Forest Service architectural design style and philosophy.</p><br>
<p>It was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps, with first logs cut in 1937 and completion in 1941.</p><br>
<p>The site is located in a valley of Barrett Creek and Brush Creek.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the NRHP on April 11, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Butte Falls Ranger Station, located in Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest in Butte Falls, Oregon, was built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service in rustic style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its architecture. The listing included eight contributing buildings on 6.1 acre.</p><br>
<p>It includes the 1938-built station building, a -story building on a concrete foundation with a wood-shingle roof. It includes a pine tree shaped cutout in the east and south gable ends of the roof, and a knotty pine interior.</p><br>
<p>The Ranger&#39;s Residence building was built in 1936.</p><br>
<p>Butte Falls Ranger Station, Ranger&#39;s Residence Garage also includes pine tree cutouts under the roof apex at east and west gable ends.</p><br>
<p>The Butte Falls Ranger Station, Residence #1001 was built in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Sam Cohodas Lodge  is a rustic lodge located off US-41 at the east end of Lake Michigamme near Champion, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Sam Cohodas</h2><br>
<p>Sam Cohodas was born in Kobylnik, Poland in 1895, the son of Aaron and Eva Cohodas. In 1900 his father emigrated to Marinette, Wisconsin, fleeing the eastern European pogroms directed against Jews. The remainder of the family joined the elder Cohodas in 1903. Sam, his father, and his brothers worked in an uncles produce business in the early part of the 20th century. By 1915, Sam and his brother Harry opened their own retail and wholesale produce company, Cohodas Brothers Fruit Company, in Houghton, Michigan. Under Sams direction, the company boomed during the 1920s he expanded the operation to become the largest of its kind in the Upper Peninsula and northern Wisconsin. His success continued even into the depths of the Great Depression, with the company gaining national prominence as the nation&#39;s third largest fruit wholesaler. Cohodas built this lodge in part as evidence of his success.</p><br>
<p>Cohodas also was involved in the banking industry, opening the Miners’ First National Bank in Ishpeming, Michigan in 1934. He purchased other banks in local cities and formed the Michigan Financial Corporation.</p><br>
<h2>Lodge History</h2><br>
<p>In 1934, Cohodas hired local architect and Swedish immigrant David E. Anderson to design this lodge to serve as his personal residence as well as an entertainment center for his business. Finnish craftsmen built the lodge, using materials gathered from within 15 miles of the site, under the direction of Nestor Kallioinen, the regions finest log builder. Construction was finished in 1935, and the lodge served as Cohodass wilderness camp until 1972. The lodge itself was later converted to a bed and breakfast, and remains largely intact.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sam Cohodas Lodge in significant as a distinctive example of a large-scale, vernacular rustic log resort architecture constructed in the early 20th century. It is one of the largest log structures in Michigan which does not use an independent superstructure for support.</p><br>
<p>The lodge is a rectangular, two-story structure built of logs on the northern section of Lake Michigamme. The front facade is symmetrical with an enclosed central entrance porch, surmounted by a central dormer and flanked by two-story gable bays. The rear facade is asymmetrical with an intersecting gable over a centrally-located balconette, and a rear entry. The lodge is built from locally furnished materials and features rustic ornamentation. The interior has a two-story greatroom, with the remainder of the rooms arranged in a surrounding U-shape.</p><br>
<p>The Centennial Work Center in Medicine Bow National Forest near Centennial, Wyoming was built in 1938. It was built to replace the nearby Centennial Ranger Station. It was designed by USDA Forest Service, Region 2 in USFS rustic architecture and served as a government office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture. The listing included three contributing buildings, a bunkhouse, a combined office and bunkhouse, and a garage, on 5 acre.</p><br>
<p>The office/bunkhouse and bunkhouse are both of horizontal saddle-notched log construction with wood shingled gable roofs. Both were built in 1938 and 1939. The office contains an office/living room, kitchen, bunk room, small utility room and a basement under the living room and kitchen. It was originally built with an attached two car garage, but this was converted into a bunk room in 1964. The bunkhouse contains a kitchen, three bunk rooms, living room with stone fireplace, dining room, bathroom and a full basement. A brass plaque in front of the bunkhouse memorializes Robert Fechner, who was National Director of the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) from 1933 until his death in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The garage is a rectangular wood frame building with log siding. It contains two bays, two workrooms, and two small storage rooms. It was built from 1938 to 1940, with an 450 addition to the south end in 1962.</p><br>
<p>All three contributing structures were built mostly by crews from the Mullen Creek Camp (F-36-W) of the CCC, with some work also being done by Ryan Park Side Camp (F-22-W) crews.</p><br>
<p>La Prele Work Center is a work center located in Medicine Bow National Forest near Douglas, Wyoming. The building was constructed from 1937 to 1941 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The log building was designed by USA Forest Service architects in a rustic style distinct to the USFS. The building originally served as a ranger station for the La Prele Ranger District and was called the Cold Springs Ranger Station. In 1941, the station was renamed the La Prele Ranger Station. The building served as a ranger station until the La Prele district was consolidated in 1956; it is now a work center for USA Forest Service work crews.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. The NRHP listing included three contributing buildings in 40 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Children&#39;s Farm Home School is a former school building on USA Route 20 in Oregon between Corvallis and Albany; it is located on a 300 acre campus now owned by Trillium Family Services.</p><br>
<p>The Children&#39;s Farm Home School was listed in 2008 on the National Register of Historic Places for Benton County; the listing was one of the first steps taken as part of a restoration effort that ended up taking five years.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 17,000 ft&sup2; Childrens Farm Home School was built in 1925 by volunteers from among the local Womans Christian Temperance Union membership, for the purpose of providing homes for orphans, neglected children, and children whose families could not otherwise take care of them in the years leading up to the Great Depression. Its pupils would go on to attend Corvallis High School. It supported itself through proceeds from a cannery, dairy and slaughterhouse, as well as the sale of produce and nuts, grown on the property.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in the 1980s. In 1998, Childrens Farm Home School merged with the Parry Center for Children and Waverly Childrens Home in Portland to form Trillium Family Services.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Restoration efforts began in 2008, after $4.5 million was raised from donors including Dave and Penny Lowther of Philomath. Bill Ryals of Modern Organic Architecture in Corvallis designed the improvements, assisted by Endex Engineering. T. Gerding Construction Co. were the general contractors, helped by volunteers. In 2011, an "unanticipated septic system upgrade" required Trillium Family Services to raise another million dollars.</p><br>
<p>In July 2013, Children&#39;s Farm Home School reopened, with a basement converted to a family center and rooms where families can spend time together. A restaurant was also opened on the first floor. Classrooms have become conference rooms available to rent. The renovation also features a banquet room, administrative offices, and a museum.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church, also known as DeMoss–Durdan Mortuary, is a historic former church building in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Congregationalists of Corvallis were formed as a splinter group from the First Presbyterian Church in 1883. Originally occupying a church building at 3rd Street & Jefferson, members of the church began to discuss their need for a new building as early as 1909. Under the direction of the new Reverend Edwin T. Sherman, a formal campaign was launched in 1912. In 1913, the church requested $10,000 from the Church Building Society and finally purchased the lot off of Madison St. & 8th in 1916. At a total cost of $15,000, construction was completed in 1917 and the church held its first service on April 5, 1918.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church sponsored Boy Scout Troop One, the oldest troop in the Oregon Trails Council, who were organized at the church in October 1919, and continued to meet there until the change of ownership.</p><br>
<p>The building continued to be used by members of the Congregationalist church for 17 years, before being sold to J. B. Hollingsworth and his business partner Raymond A. DeMoss, Corvallis funeral home directors, in 1935. They renamed the building DeMoss–Durdan Mortuary, and operated the building as a mortuary until Mr. DeMoss&#39;s death in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Leavenworth Ranger Station, also known as the Wenatchee River Ranger District, in Leavenworth, Washington was built during 1937-38 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was designed by the United States Forest Service&#39;s Region 6 USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group in Rustic architecture. The listing includes nine contributing buildings on a 9.9 acre area.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>The listing contains 9 contributing properties, built between 1937 and 1939:</p><br>
<p>The Ranger Station Office, 47.59875&deg; latitude, -120.65759&deg; longitude, built 1937-1938</p><br>
<p>The Residence #1245, 47.59814&deg; latitude, -120.65974&deg; longitude, built 1937-1938</p><br>
<p>The Garage #1586, 47.59826&deg; latitude, -120.65962&deg; longitude, built 1937-1938</p><br>
<p>The Residence #1243, 47.59946&deg; latitude, -120.65759&deg; longitude, built 1938-1939</p><br>
<p>The Garage for Residence #1243, 47.59954&deg; latitude, -120.65739&deg; longitude, built 1938-1939</p><br>
<p>The Automotive Shop, 47.59933&deg; latitude, -120.65704&deg; longitude</p><br>
<p>The Equipment Storage Building, 47.5995&deg; latitude, -120.65645&deg; longitude, built 1937-1938</p><br>
<p>The Gas House, 47.5992&deg; latitude, -120.65655&deg; longitude</p><br>
<p>The Fire Warehouse, 47.59881&deg; latitude, -120.65807&deg; longitude</p><br>
<p>The Lost Lake Guard Station in Okanogan National Forest near Tonasket, Washington was built in 1940 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1986. It was designed by the USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group of the Pacific Northwest region in Rustic architecture. The listing included a 1.3 acre area.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant architecturally as an outstanding example of "the rustic architectural idiom developed by the Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, to impart Forest Service identity and to represent its purposes and ideal, and signifies the agency&#39;s particular interpretation of a singular expression of early twentieth century American architectural thought."</p><br>
<p>Randle Ranger Station-Work Center in Gifford Pinchot National Forest near Randle, Washington was built during 1935-36 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its architecture. It was designed by the USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group in Rustic architecture. The listing included seven contributing buildings including a single dwelling, a secondary structure, a warehouse, and a fire station on a 5 acre area.</p><br>
<p>It included a 1-1/2 story 30 ft by 35 ft office built in 1935 and a 1-1/2 story 52 ft by 82 ft shop building built in 1936. Both of these are of wood-frame construction on poured concrete foundations. It also included a fire control warehouse, another warehouse, an open vehicle storage shelter, a barn, and a gas and oil storage house built in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Ketchikan Ranger House at 309 Gorge Street in Ketchikan, Alaska was built in 1916 in the residential Captains Hill district of Ketchikan. Designed by USDA Forest Service in "Vernacular Victorian" style, it housed the USA Forest Services district rangers until 1978. The 1-1/2 story frame house has remained essentially unaltered from its original construction. It was built for $650 to serve the first forest ranger for the state of Alaska.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally built on a post-and-piling foundation, with a partial concrete foundation added at a later date when a basement was excavated. The gable roof runs from the front to the back, with two hipped dormers on the east side and one shed dormer on the west side. The front door is on the uphill side, offset to one side on a partly enclosed porch. Most of the house&#39;s original woodwork, finishes and hardware have survived.</p><br>
<p>The Ketchikan Ranger House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Antelias Cave was a large cave located 2.5 km east of Antelias, 10 km northeast of Beirut close to the wadi of Ksar Akil.</p><br>
<p>It was discovered by Heidenborg in 1833. Godefroy Zumoffen made an excavation in 1893, finding an Aurignacian industry amongst large quantities of bones and flints. Henri Fleisch re-examined the material from Zumoffens excavation and concluded that it was not solely Aurignacian but showed evidence of successive industries present as late as the Neolithic. Raoul Describes also excavated the site and found numerous tools made of bone including two harpoons which are now in the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory. Auguste Bergy also made a small excavation here and another sounding was made possibly in 1948 by J. Ewing who described the industry as "transitional, Upper Paleolithic-to-Mesolithic". Dirk Albert Hooijer studied the fauna from the cave and found Dama and Capra to have been predominant. Neolithic finds included a long, denticulated, lustrous blade. Bones of a human foetus were also found in the cave by Delore in 1901 which were published by Vallois in 1957 as being possibly Neolithic in date. Collections from the cave can be found in the Musée de lHomme, Paris, Museum of Lebanese Prehistory and the Archaeological Museum of the American University of Beirut.</p><br>
<p>Antelias cave was completely destroyed by dynamite in the spring of 1964 due to quarrying in the area. Lorraine Copeland and Peter J. Wescombe recovered some cave deposits from which they hoped to extract material for radio-carbon dating.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Copeland, Lorraine., The early Upper Palaeolithic material from levels VII-V, Antelias Cave, Lebanon Berytus, 19, 99-143, 45, 1970.</p><br>
<p>Copeland, Lorraine and Hours, Francis., The later Upper Palaeolithic material from Antelias Cave, Lebanon, Levels IV-I, Berytus, 20, 57-138, 82, 1971.</p><br>
<p>Copeland, Lorraine., "Natufian Sites in Lebanon" in Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 27-42, 16, 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>Canelo Ranger Station, also known as Canelo Work Station, is a historic ranger station in the Coronado National Forest, within Santa Cruz County of southern Arizona. It is located in the ghost town of Canelo, within a small valley between the Canelo Hills on the west and the northern Huachuca Mountains on the east.</p><br>
<p>It was built by the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the early-1930s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its American Craftsman and Bungalow style architecture. The listing includes five contributing buildings on a 3 acre property, designed by USFS architects in Bungalow/Craftsman style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the Canelo Ranger Station began in November 1932, before the establishment of the CCC, which was responsible for building and improving many of Arizona&#39;s ranger stations and park sites during the Depression era.</p><br>
<p>Work was first started on a new adobe house for the rangers by Forest Service workers. During excavations for the construction of the basement, workers unearthed a redwood coffin containing the remains of local pioneer Captain Joe Parks. Parks had settled in the Canelo area in 1882. After the coffin&#39;s removal, concrete was poured to form the basement, which was finished in early December 1932, when work ceased for the winter.</p><br>
<p>On June 16, 1933, it was reported that the construction of the Canelo Ranger Station complex was finished with the completion of a small adobe barn, made from scrap materials salvaged from an older ranger station house. In addition to the residence and barn, a new office building, a three-bay garage and a small pumphouse along nearby Turkey Creek were also constructed, all of adobe brick. The office is identical in plan to the Patagonia and Lowell Ranger Station offices, but instead of a flat adobe roof common to desert settings, it features a wooden gabled roof, meant to fit in with the surrounding woodland environment.</p><br>
<p>Not long after the establishment of the Canelo Ranger Station, the CCC arrived and was put to work building the stone retaining walls around the office and residence, improving the roads, landscaping, and building corrals.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places listing</h2><br>
<p>The station is considered to be a good representation of a USFS administrative complex from the Depression era, and is also significant for its association with the expansion of the USFS from a custodial superintendence role to active resource management, which continues to the present day. The retaining walls are still intact, along with most of the rest of the station, which has changed very little over the years. Although a few additions and other minor modifications have been made, the overall appearance of the station remains very much like it did when it was first built in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h3>Contributing buildings</h3><br>
<p>The following are the contributing buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places:</p><br>
<p>Office: Bungalow/Craftsman style adobe building with two entrances, two offices and a bathroom</p><br>
<p>Residence: Bungalow/Craftsman style adobe building with two bedrooms, a bathroom, living room, kitchen, dining room and basement</p><br>
<p>Garage: Long adobe building with a wooden gabled roof, one entrance and three bays</p><br>
<p>Barn: Small adobe building with a wooden gabled roof, next to horse corral</p><br>
<p>Pumphouse: Small adobe building with a wooden gabled roof, now used for storage</p><br>
<p>The Wool Warehouse  is a historic building in the Warehouse District of downtown Albuquerque, New Mexico. Built in 1928–29 by wool merchant Frank Bond, the warehouse is significant for its role in New Mexico&#39;s wool industry in the mid-20th century. It was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1980 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Albuquerque&#39;s central location and convenient access to the AT&SF Railway made it the hub of the New Mexico wool trade, which flourished as American demand for wool increased rapidly after World War I. The growing prominence of this industry was reflected in the Wool Warehouse, which was completed in 1929. Capable of storing five million pounds of wool and hides, the building also housed the offices of the Bond-McRae wool trading company, the Wool Warehouse Company, and the New Mexico Cooperative Wool Marketing Association. Bond was the president of the former two companies, both of which were taken over by his son in 1936.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1940s, wool production in New Mexico began to decline. This was due to a variety of factors including limited availability of land for grazing and the rapidly growing popularity of synthetic fabrics. Faced with dwindling sales, the Wool Marketing Association shut down in 1959 and the warehouse itself eventually followed suit in 1972. In 1985, the building was remodeled at a cost of $2.5 million to house a theater and restaurant. Since 1994 it has been owned by Youth Development, Inc., a local nonprofit, and has been used sporadically for concerts, dances, and other events.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Wool Warehouse was designed by Albuquerque architect T. Charles Gaastra, who also designed the Monte Vista School and the Hendren Building, among others. The warehouse is a two-story red brick structure with 40,000 ft&sup2; of total space. The interior of the building shows an Egyptian influence, most notably in the design of the 36 supporting columns.</p><br>
<p>The San Boldo Pass  is a small mountain pass in Veneto between the towns of Trichiana and Tovena in the Cison di Valmarino region over a distance of 17 km.</p><br>
<p>The pass lies at the southern edge of the Alps and connects the Val Belluna with the Val Mareno over a height of 706 m. The mountain pass is called the SP 635 and only one lane is passable, the traffic is regulated by several sets of lights. There is a speed limit of 30 km/h and a height limit of 3.2 m, after buses were repeatedly stuck in the tunnel. There are five tunnels blasted into the rock with hairpin turns or loops, and six bridges.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although the need to rebuild the steep road over the San Boldo pass into a motorable road was clear by the end of the 19th century, this project languished until the Austro-Hungarian army accomplished it from February to June 1918 as part of its World War I logistical efforts. The road to supply the Piave front was built in only three months. Due to its short construction period, it is nicknamed the "Road of 100 Days." Prisoners of war, the elderly, women, and children of the local population were pressed into service to build it. In its final construction phase, 1,400 workers worked in three shifts to build this strategically important connection. Despite the extreme topography, the requirement that the road be used for transporting heavy artillery and supplies meant that the grade could not exceed 12%.</p><br>
<p>Interamna Lirenas was an ancient Roman colony near the current Pignataro Interamna, in the southern province of Frosinone, central Italy.</p><br>
<p>Since 2010 the site has begun to be excavated.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Interamna Lirenas was founded in 312 BC as a colonia of Latins in an area perhaps already housing Volscan settlements, on the route of the Via Latina. It was situated at the confluence of the Liri and Rio Spalla Bassa rivers, whence the name "Interamna" (meaning "between the rivers").</p><br>
<p>Interamna Lirenas served as a military base during the Samnite Wars, leading to its destruction by the Samnites in 294 BC. It was again ravaged by Hannibal in 212 BC; since it later sided with Carthage, after the Carthaginian defeat at Zama in 202 BC it was forced by Rome to pay heavy tribute.</p><br>
<p>It became a municipium in about 88 BC following the Social Wars when its population became Roman citizens.</p><br>
<p>In 46 BC Julius Caesar become patronus of the city and the site received further settled veterans ca. 40 BC.</p><br>
<p>The town was thought to have been a relative backwater but recent archaeology has raised its importance.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological remains include numerous inscriptions and remains of buildings. The archaeological site has been sampled by use of geophysical techniques (including magnetometry), leading to the discovery of the site of a Roman theatre.</p><br>
<p>An inscribed ancient sundial donated by Marcus Novius Tubula after his election to the exalted position of Plebeian Tribune in Rome was discovered in the ruins of the theatre in 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Kings Castle is an Iron Age enclosed hilltop settlement at the south-western edge of the Mendip Hills near Wells in Somerset, England. Though there are many prehistoric sites in the surrounding area, it remains one of the earliest known settlements in the immediate vicinity of Wells, and may have been a precursor to the present day city. It consists of two or three interlinked sub-enclosures, with what appears to be a field system extending to the east; an unusual layout, the site remains relatively little studied and has not been archaeologically excavated. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, and shares its name with the surrounding Kings Castle Wood—today a Somerset Wildlife Trust nature reserve—though this name is probably a modern invention.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>Rodhuish Common is a univallate Iron Age hill fort in the West Somerset district of Somerset, England. There is a small oval enclosure which is thought to be of Iron Age date.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>The Columbine Work Station in Coronado National Forest near Safford, Arizona was built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps . The complex is a representative example of a Depression-era Forest Service administrative center. The station is on a high point of the Pinaleno Mountains in forested land. The main residence is in the Forest Service bungalow style. The barn is unique, not designed to a standard Forest Service prototype.</p><br>
<p>The station was built by a CCC unit operating from a camp about five miles away in 1934-35.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture, which is Bungalow/Craftsman style. It served historically as institutional housing. Two contributing buildings on 1 acre were included in the NRHP listing. The station continues to be used for summer maintenance activities in Coronado National Forest.</p><br>
<p>The Crown King Ranger Station is a ranger station near the top of Crown King Mountain in the area of Crown King, Arizona. It was built in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Known also as Crown King Work Station or Crown King Administrative Site, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture. It was designed by the USDA Forest Service in Bungalow/Craftsman style. It served as institutional housing and government office space. The NRHP listing included five contributing buildings on a 1.5 acre area. The complex includes a residence, an office, a barn/garage/shop, a hay barn, and a well building.</p><br>
<p>The residence is an eight-room single-story building that is an application of standard dwelling plan A-17, a plan similar to standard plan A-3 but with a wider dinette/kitchen. It has a full basement.</p><br>
<p>Vancroft, also known as Mt. St. George Historic District, is a historic home and national historic district located near Wellsburg, Brooke County, West Virginia. It encompasses 10 contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and one contributing object associated with the manor house. The manor house was designed by Alden & Harlow in 1901, for steel magnate Joseph B. Vandergrift. It is a Shingle Style dwelling with broad gable roofs, a rough stone turret, and stone chimney. Also on the property are a pergola, a club house or retreat house, spring house, race track, grotto, farm managers house, two farm laborers residences, mill, barn, and "the Apple House." The property was purchased by the Catholic Knights of St. George and operated as a home for the aged. In 1998, it was purchased by the Catholic Knights of America.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Bethany Historic District is a national historic district located at Bethany, Brooke County, West Virginia. It encompasses 111 contributing buildings on the campus of Bethany College, the central business district, and surrounding residential areas in Bethany. Notable buildings include the Gothic Revival-style Irvin Gymnasium at Bethany College , Point Breeze Mansion , Old Opera House , Chambers General Store , and the Federal-style Hibernia Hall . Also in the district are a number of residences in popular architectural styles including Late Victorian. Located within the district are the separately listed Alexander Campbell Mansion, Delta Tau Delta Founders House, Old Bethany Church, Old Main, and Pendleton Heights.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Lowell Ranger Station compound is in the Coronado National Forest of southern Arizona. It is located in Pima County, near Tucson.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ranger station buildings were built in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was designed by USDA Forest Service.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture, which includes Pueblo Revival and other styles.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP listing includes government housing and office space in three contributing buildings, the office, barn/garage, and house, located on 2 acre. They were built by the CCC—Civilian Conservation Corps.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant "for its association with the expansion of Forest Service administration from custodial superintendence to active resource management" as well as for embodying "the use of standard plan architecture developed in the 1930&#39;s by Regional Office architects" and representing "a distinctive Forest Service architectural design style and philosophy." It was part of the Depression-Era USDA Forest Service Administrative Complexes in Arizona MPS (Multiple Property Submission) of the National Park Service in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Moqui Ranger Station in Kaibab National Forest near Tusayan, Arizona, also known as Tusayan Ranger Station, was built in 1939 by the Civilian Conservation Corps . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture, which includes Bungalow architecture, Rustic architecture, vernacular and other styling. It was designed by the USDA Forest Service. The listing includes institutional housing and government office space in six contributing buildings and one other contributing structure over 2 acre In addition to CCC labor, workers from the Works Progress Administration  may have also been involved in the ranger station construction. The station replaced the old Hull Tank Ranger Station.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The ranger station complex features stone construction with rustic wood details, mostly executed using log construction. Although designed by the USA Forest Service, the design of the complex is closely related to the National Park Service Rustic style that prevails at nearby Grand Canyon National Park, and may be the best example of the style in the Forest Service. Wall construction uses local sandstone, sheltered by wide eaves, with wood plank doors and wood sash windows. The complex consists of the ranger dwelling, a pump house, barn, garage, seed house and a ranger&#39;s office, all built in 1942.</p><br>
<p>A newer complex, built in the 1960s, is located a short distance away and is screened from the historic area.</p><br>
<p>The Rainsford Historic District in Cheyenne, Wyoming comprises a group of Victorian houses, many designed by architect George D. Rainsford. The neighborhood includes the residences of a number of cattle barons, giving rise to the name "Cattle Baron Row." The district is located immediately to the east of downtown Cheyenne and includes examples of Stick, Eastlake, Greek Revival, Romanesque Revival and Shingle style architecture, among other eclectic styles of the time. The neighborhood includes the former Wyoming Governor&#39;s Mansion and the William Sturgis House, both individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>George D. Rainsford was a New York architect who arrived in Cheyenne in the late 1870s, established a horse-breeding operation and gaining a high reputation for the quality of his stock. Rainsford continued to practice architecture as a hobby and as a favor to his cattle-ranching friends.</p><br>
<p>The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 6, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Globe Ranger Station is the principal office of the Globe Ranger District of the Tonto National Forest in Arizona. It is located 2 mi south of downtown Globe, Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Pinal Ranger Station, built in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register in 1993 for its Spanish style architecture and its role in the USA Forest Service&#39;s response to the Great Depression. It was designed by architects of the USDA Forest Service. The listing included three contributing buildings on 5 acre which served as institutional housing and government office space.</p><br>
<p>The Globe Ranger District, which is located north, south, and west of the city of Globe, has an area of approximately 450,000 acres (182,000 ha). Vegetation types include desert, chaparral, and pinyon-juniper.</p><br>
<p>The Globe Ranger Station is the home base for the Globe Hotshots, an interagency hotshot fire suppression crew.</p><br>
<p>The Brattonsville Historic District is a historic district and unincorporated community in York County, South Carolina. It includes three homes built between 1776 and 1855 by the Brattons, a prominent family of York County. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The Revolutionary House, built in 1776 by Colonel William Bratton (who fought in the Revolutionary War), was originally a one-room log house with a small porch. Later additions were added to the original structure, and clapboard siding was placed over the original logs.</p><br>
<p>The Homestead, Brattonsville&#39;s second house built about 1830 as the home of Dr. John S. Bratton, was significant as the center of an 8500-acre plantation. This 12-room, 2⅛-story antebellum mansion is an example of Greek Revival residential architecture. The interior features Adam mantels, exquisite dadoes, and a carved staircase.</p><br>
<p>The Brick House, built in 1855, has a two-story brick façade with end chimneys, a two-tiered portico, stucco-over-brick columns, and a two-story wooden wing at back; it was originally a private boarding school for girls.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1971. In 1997, the district&#39;s boundary was increased to comprise 6760 acres, 24 buildings, 12 structures, and 1 object.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Brattonsville</h2><br>
<p>Historic Brattonsville is the 775 acre portion of the Brattonsville Historic District that is owned by the and Dr. Rufus Bratton, and operates as an open-air museum. Buildings include Hightower Hall, The Homestead and the McConnell House (moved to the site in 1983).</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>J. Rufus Bratton, physician and inspiration for the main character in The Clansman and The Birth of a Nation</p><br>
<p>The Gen. Albert Gallatin Jenkins House — known historically  as "Green Bottom" — is located on the east bank of the Ohio River about 7 miles north of Lesage, Cabell County, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The plantation house was built about 1835, and is a 2 1/2 story, rectangular, brick dwelling in a late period Federal style. It sits on a sandstone foundation and the interior has a center hall, single pile plan.</p><br>
<p>The most prominent resident was Albert Gallatin Jenkins (1830-1864), a two-term member of the USA House of Representatives (1857–61), who then joined the Confederate States Army in the Civil War, attaining the rank of brigadier general before dying of wounds received in battle in 1864.</p><br>
<p>The house is open as a museum operated by the West Virginia Division of Culture and History. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Gelbison is a mountain in the Lucan Subappennines range of the Apennine Mountains system, with an elevation of 1,705 m. It is located in the southern Cilento region of the Province of Salerno, in the Campania region, of southern Italy.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is within the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Monte Gelbison is included in the commune of Novi Velia. The western part of the mountain includes several other communes, such as Vallo della Lucania, and ends at the southern Cilentan Coast in the Tyrrhenian Sea.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At its top is the sanctuary of Madonna del Monte Sacro, with a tall cross which is illuminated by night. The sanctuary perhaps occupies the site an ancient temple of the Oenotrians, dedicated to a deity later identified with Hera.</p><br>
<p>The name derives from a Saracen medieval presence, since it comes from the Arabic "Mount of the Idol", perhaps referring to the ancient sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The Pinedale Ranger Station is in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, and located near Pinedale in Navajo County, Arizona.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ranger station&#39;s buildings were built in 1934 by the CCC−Civilian Conservation Corps.</p><br>
<p>The administration of timber sales was one of the ranger&#39;s main duties; the lumber mill town of Standard is located about three miles to the south.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture, which is American Craftsman and Bungalow style. It was designed by architects of the USDA Forest Service.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP listing included three contributing buildings which served as government housing and as office space, located on 3 acre.</p><br>
<p>Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Depot is a historic railroad depot located at Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. It was built in 1887, by the Huntington and Big Sandy Railroad, later the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The former passenger station is two stories and constructed of brick with a slate roof and two chimneys. The former baggage section to the east is one story. The front facade of the former passenger station features a bay window extending from the basement to the roof and dividing it into two sections. At the rear of the passenger station is the former freighthouse. The freighthouse is a brick building with a slate roof completed in 1890, and expanded in 1897, 1911, and 1916. The buildings have been renovated and are open as Heritage Station.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Carnegie Public Library, also known as Cabell County Public Library, is a historic library building located at Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. It was built in 1902-1903, in the Beaux-Arts style. It is two stories with a raised basement and has smooth gray ashlar walls. It features a pedimented, central front pavilion with paired Ionic order columns on its portico. The interior was renovated in the 1930s. It is one of 3,000 such libraries constructed between 1885 and 1919. Andrew Carnegie provided $35,000 toward the construction of the Huntington library. It served the community as a library until 1980, when a new library opened across the street. The building houses Huntington Junior College.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Portal Ranger Station, also known as Portal Work Station, is located in Cave Creek Canyon, in the eastern Chiricahua Mountains, in Coronado National Forest near Portal, southeastern Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The office building and the pumphouse building of the complex were built in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The office was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service in a Craftsman Bungalow style.</p><br>
<p>The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its Bungalow/Craftsman architecture. The NRHP listing was for three contributing buildings on a 1 acre property.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant "for its association with expansion of Forest Service administration from custodial superintendence to active resource management."</p><br>
<p>Douglass Junior and Senior High School is a historic school building located at Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. It was built in 1924, was the segregation-era high school for African Americans in the city. It is a three story building measuring 113 feet wide and 230 feet long. It is built of red brick, with terra cotta trim, and rests on a concrete foundation. It closed as a school in 1961, but continued to be used as a school for special education until 1981. After that it housed educational offices. It now serves as a community center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Hal Greer (1936 - ) - First African American athlete at Marshall University. He was a long time star with the Philadelphia 76ers</p><br>
<p>Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950) - graduated in 1895, from Douglass High School and later served as the school&#39;s principal; predecessor school of Douglass Junior and Senior High School</p><br>
<p>Sycamore Ranger Station, also known as Sycamore Work Center and as Sycamore Administrative Site, in Prescott National Forest near Camp Verde, Arizona was built in 1940 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture, which includes vernacular, national, and other styles. It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service. It served historically as institutional housing and as government office space. The NRHP listing included two contributing buildings on 2.5 acre.</p><br>
<p>The site was established as a ranger station in 1917, and is named for Sycamore Creek which flows westward to the Agua Fria. By the 1920s the site had an office, a dwelling, a barn and perhaps a chicken house. The CCC was asked to construct new facilities in the late 1930s or the 1940s, and it built a new dwelling and barn which survive today and a new office and shop/garage which do not survive.</p><br>
<p>Walnut Creek Ranger Station, also known as Walnut Creek Work Center, in Prescott National Forest near Prescott, Arizona was built in 1931 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture, which is Bungalow/Craftsman style. It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service. It served historically as institutional housing and as government office space. The NRHP listing included two contributing buildings on a 5 acre area.</p><br>
<p>Its residence is built to standard plan A-5 with some modifications. A-5 would be a four-room bungalow with a side-gabled roof with a dormer; the dormer was omitted here. It includes the two porches that are standard features. The barn/garage/shop was built to standard plan C-10.</p><br>
<p>Old Huntington High School is a historic high school building located at Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. It was built in 1916, and is a 4 1/2 story buff brick building in the Classical Revival style. It consists of a long rectangle with a shorter rectangular wing on each end of the main rectangle forming a "U" shape. The courtyard is enclosed with three additions completed in 1951 , 1956 , and 1977. The building contains 155,512 ft&sup2; of space. The kitchen is located in an older red brick building built in 1916, built originally as a carriage house. The last graduating class was in 1996. A new facility was constructed and opened in the fall of 1996, known as Huntington High School. It is now known as The Renaissance Center. Part of the building was converted into apartments. The YMCA uses part of it for workout facilities and a daycare facility. The building also houses studio space, an auditorium, and small art gallery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Alumni</h2><br>
<p>Bruce R. Evans (born c. 1959), venture capitalist, corporate director and philanthropist</p><br>
<p>Dagmar, an American actress, model and television personality of the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Soupy Sales, comedian and entertainer, notable panelist on the television hit What&#39;s My Line?</p><br>
<p>Simms School Building is a historic elementary school building located at Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. It was built in 1919-1920, and is a two story wire brick, steel frame building in the Classical Revival style. It has a square plan, with a center auditorium surrounded by a circular corridor with classrooms on three sides. The front entrance has a center colonnade with four round limestone Doric order columns capped with a limestone frieze and projecting cornice. The second floor features an open porch with wood columns and a projecting cornice topped by a clay tile mansard roof. An addition was completed in 1964. The school closed after 1980, and it now houses 20 apartment units for the elderly.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Barnett Hospital and Nursing School is a historic hospital and school building located at Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. It is a three story, rectangular building measuring 29 feet wide and 100 feet deep. It features a low-pitched, Mediterranean-style, hipped roof with clay Spanish tile. The original building was built as a frame dwelling, with subsequent additions in 1912, 1918, and 1925. The hospital was opened in 1912 by Dr. Clinton Constantine “C.C.” Barnett and served the African American population of Huntington. The Barnett Nursing School opened in 1918. The hospital closed in 1939. The Trustees of International Hod Carriers’, Building and Common Laborers’ Union owned the building from 1947 until 2007.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>West Virginia Colored Childrens Home, also known as the West Virginia Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Men and Women and University Heights Apartments, was a historic school, orphanage, and sanatorium building located near Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. It was built in 1922-1923, and was a three story red brick building in the Classical Revival style. It was founded as the West Virginia Normal and Industrial School for Colored Children in Bluefield, West Virginia. This facility was the last of a series of buildings that were constructed to hold the states first social institution exclusively serving the needs of African American residents. The West Virginia Colored Children&#39;s Home was closed in 1956 and the building was used as a rest home. The property transferred to Marshall University in 1961 and later it was converted to apartments. The building was demolished on May 5, 2011. The location is now the home of Huntington East Middle School.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Marquette City Hall is a former government building located at 204 Washington Street in Marquette, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Up until 1893, the city of Marquette had no designated City Hall, and was indeed using, rent-free, a building owned by Peter White. However, when White informed the city that their lease had run out, civic pride prodded the government to plan the construction of a new city hall. Contractor Emil Bruce constructed the building at a cost of slightly under $50,000. Part of the contract gave preference to locally sourced building material, and the demand for bricks and sandstone was great enough that the local economy was bolstered through the depression that lingered through the early 1890s. The cornerstone was laid in May 1894, and the building was completed later in the year and dedicated in early 1895.</p><br>
<p>The city used the building until 1975, and it was then sold to a private developer who refurbished it into professional offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Marquette City Hall is a three-story rectangular building, measuring 92 by, combining Richardsonian Romanesque, Second Empire, and Renaissance Revival architectural elements. It is constructed of red brick on a raised sandstone foundation, and surmounted by a tiled Mansard roof with a cupola. The front facade is divided by quoins into five bays. The central bay contains a recessed entrance, while the remaining front bays contain two-story arched windows. The remaining sides of the structure contain ribbon windows.</p><br>
<p>Inside, a main hall runs the full depth of the building, with stairs rising to the second floor. The second floor contained a council chamber that rose two stories.</p><br>
<p>St. Anselm&#39;s Catholic Church, Rectory and Parish Hall in Anselmo, Nebraska are three separate structures that together form the St. Anselm parish complex. The church, also known as The Cathedral of the Sandhills, was built in 1928-1929, along with the rectory; the parish hall was constructed in 1905 and served as the original church building.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008 for its Late Gothic Revival and Bungalow/Craftsman architecture. The listing includes four contributing buildings on 7.3 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Church</h2><br>
<p>St. Anselms Catholic Church was built in 1928-1929 in the Late Gothic Revival style. The buildings measures 112.5 ft by 47 ft. M.S. Lahr and Carl Stangel of Omaha drew the plans for the church and rectory, which were built by Leo Worth and John Brock of Columbus, although local men contributed largely to the project. The structures exterior is covered in brick with stone details, while the foundation consists of concrete blocks. The roof, supported by steel beams, is gabled and covered in asphalt shingles. A belltower on the church&#39;s northeast corner is 95 ft high, with limestone spires and traceries carved by stonecutters in Kansas, from which the limestone originated.</p><br>
<p>A large arched Gothic window dominates the church&#39;s front facade. Under it are three doorways: one with double doors in the center and one on each side of it with single doors. "INTROIBO AD ALTARE DEI", which translates to "I will go to the altar of God", is carved over the central doorway, while an Alpha and an Omega are carved over the side doors.</p><br>
<p>Six pairs of arched windows with Gothic design line the sides of the structure; between them are placed engaged buttresses with limestone caps.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the ceiling rafters are visible, ending in brackets with volutes. Stained glass windows are located on the walls to the north and south of the marble altar, which was installed in 1948. The original light fixtures are present, as are the original pews. Doors in the sanctuary provide access to a room used for the vestment of the priest for Mass, and to another used as an office.</p><br>
<h2>Rectory</h2><br>
<p>The parish rectory, placed west of the church, was built in 1928-1929 in the Craftsman style. The structure measures 40 ft by 32 ft. Like the church, it rests on a concrete block foundation and has brick exterior walls. Also like the church, the houses roof is gabled and covered with asphalt shingles. The house has two stories and a basement, with a small projection on the northwest corner. The rectorys enclosed porch has arched window and a flat roof, which doubles as a balcony for one of the second-floor bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>Dark woodwork is present throughout the eight-room interior of the building. A wooden Craftsman staircase leads to the upper story; the rectory also features a telephone nook, broad baseboards, French doors, and a built-in butler&#39;s pantry.</p><br>
<p>A wooden one-car garage stands southeast of the rectory and is a contributing building on the listing.</p><br>
<h2>Parish hall</h2><br>
<p>The parish hall, constructed in 1905, is the oldest building on the listing, having originally been the parish church. It was construction is typical of wooden frame halls built during the early 1900s. It was moved onto the grounds of the new church in 1941. The one-story structure has a gabled roof and is covered in wooden siding.</p><br>
<p>The main portion of the building houses a single large room which was former used as the sanctuary. The space retains its original pressed tin ceiling, cornice, and pews. The former choir loft has been boarded up with plywood. A ground-level door was added to the front of the building after the structure was moved to its new location in 1941 to provide access to the basement, which contains a kitchen and fellowship area. An addition on the back of the building contains restrooms.</p><br>
<p>Lochend Loch, which once had nearly 3 acres in surface area is now only a small freshwater loch remnant. It lies in the South Ayrshire Council Area, lying on the hill above Joppa, between Gallowhill and Lochend Farm.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The loch</h3><br>
<p>Lochend Loch was a post-glacial Kettle Hole lying within a substantial depression and fed by the relatively minor flow of the Joppa Burn, field runoff and rainfall, its outflow running into the Water of Coyle as the Barwhey or Barquey Burn. A small islet is indicated on the early OS maps, no longer shown when the loch level was lowered in the late 1890s or early 1900s. Roys map of 1747 shows the then sizeable loch with a roughly circular island near the centre of the loch; the outflow joined the Water of Coyle near Coyle bridge. Armstrongs map of 1775 shows the loch.</p><br>
<p>The OS maps suggest that the water flow could be controlled so as to set the level of the loch. OS maps also show that the size has been greatly reduced and in 2011 only a small area of open water survives, surrounded by wetland with no significant outflow remaining. The main drain sets the present water level and the previous ditch is now infilled for part of its length with a pipe within it.</p><br>
<p>The height differential between the present outflow and the presumed natural overflow is illustrated by the fossilised loch shore features. A quoted depth of 4.3 m or 14 ft for the early 19th century is reflected by this evidence. Although the old lochs outflow passes close to the site of the now demolished Bridgend Cottages, no evidence of a watermill survives.</p><br>
<h3>Natural history of the site</h3><br>
<p>The loch is eutrophic and is surrounded by a wide wetland margin that dries out progressively towards the surrounding pastures. Animals found at the site include willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) are present, the European hare (Lepus europaeus), meadow brown, (Maniola jurtina), and small tortoiseshell (Aglais urticae).</p><br>
<p>Plants found include typical wetland species such as sedges, willows, and rushes. Hedge woundwort is plentiful, as are wild angelica (Angelica sylvestris) is plentiful, as are Hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica), yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus), and reed canary grass, (Phalaris arundinacea). The open water area exhibits yellow pond-lily (Nuphar lutea). Wild angelica, reedmace (bullrush), yellow meadow vetchling, Yorkshire fog grass, tussock grass, and meadowsweet were also noted and Brooklime speedwell grows within the ditch of the Joppa Burn inflow.</p><br>
<h3>Sundrum Castle</h3><br>
<p>The loch was not an ornamental feature of the grounds in the immediate vicinity of Sundrum Castle, however it lies quite close by. Duncan Wallace, son of Sir Robert Wallace and related to Sir William Wallace, commissioned the building of the present castle in the 1360s. The castle passed to Sir Alan de Cathcart before 1384 as Sir Duncan died without an heir. The estate remained in the hands of the Cathcart family seat until 1753, when it was sold by the 9th Lord Cathcart to John Murray of Broughton. The Hamilton family purchased it within a year, and it remained with them until 1917, when it was sold to Mr. Earnest Coats, a director of the Paisley firm of thread manufacturers. In 1936, Sundrum was sold to a hotel syndicate and later the castle fell into disrepair before being restored again in recent times.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>In the 19th century Lochend Loch was used for curling and probably ice skating. St. Quivox v Coylton is recorded for 20 January 1820 and again on 9 January 1862, both times playing for the Coylton medal. The presence of a small island is indicative of its use for breeding and hunting wildfowl and it is likely to have been used for fishing as fish were present.</p><br>
<p>The site in 2011 had waterfowl shooting hides and feeding areas for pheasants. Light grazing was noticeable up to the fence around the open water.</p><br>
<h2>Micro history</h2><br>
<p>The loch lay on the lands of Gallowhill Farm, part of the Sundrum Castle estate. The term gallowhill may refer to the site of the feudal barony gallows. The death sentence was hanging for men; women were drowned.</p><br>
<p>Lake Crescent Lodge, originally called Singer&#39;s Lake Crescent Tavern, is an historic resort situated on the shores of Lake Crescent west of Port Angeles, Washington. Located on the Olympic Peninsula within Olympic National Park, the Lodge is owned by the National Park Service and operated by Aramark. The Lodge resort is open seasonally from early May until the end of January with select cabins available during the winter months. Hiking and boating are popular activities for guests, and several peaks, including Mount Storm King and Pyramid Mountain, are easily accessible from the resort. Other hiking opportunities include Marymere Falls, Spruce Railroad, and Barnes Creek Trails.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1914 Avery and Julia Singer built a small hotel and cottages at Barnes Point on the shore of Lake Crescent, opening Singers Tavern in 1915. At the time of its opening, the Tavern consisted of seven Lodge rooms, five of which are still in use today, and a series of cottages, spending nearly $50,000 on the construction and furnishing of the hotel. The two-story main building was built of locally-milled timber, its bungalow-like design influenced by Arts and Crafts design principles, and complemented by Roycroft-inspired furnishings. The main living room featured a large stone fireplace, giving on to a porch overlooking the lake. Guest rooms were located upstairs. Lodge guests were offered modern conveniences, a restaurant, and many recreational and evening activities. Additional accommodations were available in the cottages and tent cabins. Julia Singer planted an ornamental garden, which has matured and which contributes to the hotels ambiance, together with a small golf course, a vegetable garden and fruit trees.</p><br>
<p>For the first six years of operation, guests of Singer’s Tavern arrived by ferry, which continued to be popular throughout the 1920s. However, when the Olympic Highway was completed in 1922, automobiles quickly became the most popular form of transportation to the Lodge. A railroad was also constructed on the opposite side of the lake but was never used for passengers. Completed in 1919, the line was engineered to ship logs for airplane manufacturing during World War I but opened only weeks before the war ended. Since then, the Spruce Railroad Trail has become a popular hiking location, accessible by East Beach Road, and remnants of the original railroad can still be seen.</p><br>
<p>The Singers sold the property in 1927 to the Seattle Trust Company and from there it passed to Walter and Bessie Bovee. The events of the 1930s greatly impacted the Lodge and the entire region around the lake. In the latter half of that decade, members of Congress proposed the establishment of a large national park encompassing the central, mountainous region of the Olympic Peninsula, and, as a result, the Lodge received its most notable guest, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who visited the peninsula in the fall of 1937. Roosevelt arrived at the lodge the evening of September 30, where he spent the night in one of the now-demolished cabins, continuing on to the Lake Quinault Lodge the next day.</p><br>
<p>Walter and Bessie Bovee took ownership and brought the Lodge back to life in the 1940s. They expanded the Lodge and offered many recreational activities, including renting out boats and canoes. A shoreline area called Bovee’s Meadow, accessible by a short trail from the Lodge, is a popular recreational area. The lodge remained an inholding through the 1940s, when several new lodges and addition to the main lodge were built. In 1951 the National Park Service bought the lodge and its property for $95,000. The Mission 66 initiative proposed the lodge&#39;s demolition and replacement with modern facilities. A number of accessory buildings were removed, but the main lodge was spared, though motel-style units were constructed nearby. Several cabins were replaced with newer units of similar character.</p><br>
<p>Lake Crescent Lodge is operated by Aramark and opened seasonally from early May through January with select cabins open through winter.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lake Crescent Lodge is located at Barnes Point on the south shore of the lake adjacent to Barnes Creek, named after the first homestead built there in the 1890s. This shore is also home to the Olympic Park Institute. Both are situated at the foot of Mount Storm King and encircled with the Olympic Mountain Chain. The Lodge is situated amidst an old-growth forest with rainforest ferns, cedars and fir trees. The irregularly shaped lodge is about 57 ft by 36 ft with an enclosed porch on the north side and an open porch on the east side. The main lodge is 2-1/2 stories, with a one-story dining room. The wood-frame lodge is covered with wood shingle siding and a wood-shingled roof. The porch windows feature a complex and finely subdivided mullion pattern in three stages, with smaller panes in each higher stage.</p><br>
<p>The historic district comprises 11 buildings on the lakeshore. The lodge, pier foundations and three cabins are original structures, while seven cabins were rebuilt to complement the earlier buildings.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Beggarstown School, built c. 1740, is a historic school in Beggarstown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, now part of the Mount Airy neighborhood. It is a rare example of a colonial era school building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The small building has one-and-a-half stories and measures 28 ft across the front, and 18 ft along the sides. A brick el in the rear was added after a 1915 restoration. The four-bay front is constructed of Wissahickon schist ashlar, and the sides of stuccoed rubble. The school was altered in 1840. A few of the original floorboards remain in the otherwise greatly altered interior.</p><br>
<p>The school is owned by the adjacent St. Michael&#39;s Evangelical Lutheran Church. While most students were part of the Lutheran congregation, some attended simply because it was the closest local school. Its teachers taught basic reading, writing, and arithmetic, unlike the more sophisticated Germantown Academy or Union School which was located about one-and-a-half miles south.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is also a contributing building in the Colonial Germantown Historic District, a National Historic Landmark Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It is currently home to.</p><br>
<p>The Sundberg Block is a commercial building located at 517–523 Iron Street in Negaunee, Michigan, USA. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Charles Sundberg</h2><br>
<p>Charles Sundberg was born on September 1, 1845, in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of Gustave and Elizabeth Sundberg. He emigrated to the United States in 1864, settling first in Marquette, Michigan, and in 1869 moving to Negaunee. In 1870, Sundberg began in business as a jeweler and a wine and liquor retailer. The next year he began a short-lived partnership with a fellow Swede, August A. Anderson, opening a branch store in nearby Ishpeming. The partnership was dissolved in 1873, with Anderson taking over the Ishpeming store and Sundberg continuing as a jeweler and watchmaker in Negaunee.</p><br>
<p>However, in 1871 Sundberg married Anderson&#39;s daughter Mary. The couple had five children, three of whom died in childhood; the two remaining were Ida and Eva. Sundberg dropped his liquor business in 1878, but his jewellery business continued until his death on October 1, 1899.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>In 1890, Sundberg purchased what was at the time the Jackson House hotel in Negaunee and tore it down. Sundberg hired John S. Mennie of Ishpeming to design a new three-story building on the site, and contractor E. E. Grip & Co., also from Ishpeming, to construct the building, which was completed in 1891. The building had three commercial spaces on the ground floor and office and apartment space above; the first three commercial tenants were Sundbergs own jewellery store, the A. T. Carmichael & Co. general store, and Katz Bros. dry goods. Tenants came and went over the years, with the building housing a series of dry goods stores, mens clothiers and other businesses including the local post office.</p><br>
<p>Sundberg died in 1899, but his jewellery store continued in operation until 1908 when manager John F. Allison bought the remaining stock. The Sundberg heirs, however, still owned the building. Allison also owned a series of other stores located in the building, including a dry goods store and a pool hall. In 1907, Allison opened Negaunee&#39;s first movie theatre, the Electric, in the Sundberg block. The theatre closed soon after because of stiff competition, but a second theatre, the Bijou (later the Royal) opened later in 1907 and operated in the building until 1920.</p><br>
<p>The Sundberg heirs continued to own the building until 1921, when the Negaunee Chamber of Commerce purchased it with the intention of refitting it as a manufacturing center to attract employers to the area. However, the building remained vacant until 1926, when Eisendrath Glove Company, a glove and mitten manufacturer, moved in. The company used the space until the mid-1930s, after which a series of garment and dress manufacturers used the building into the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>Beginning 1936, parts of the Sundberg Block were used as a "Community Building", hosting various community groups and providing facilities for the local National Youth Administration. From the late 1950s until the early 1970s it held the Negaunee Youth Center, but by 1974 was again vacant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sundberg Block is a two-story Late Victorian commercial building constructed of dark red brick with sandstone trim, with a slightly sloped flat roof. The building is rectangular in plan, measuring 72 x.</p><br>
<p>Shallow piers divide the front facade into three bays, each defining a storefront. The central bay has a false front rising substantially above the flanking bays and is slightly wider, containing a separate door accessing the second-floor stairs. This center bay has a pair of square windows, above which is an inset stone carved with "1890 Sundberg Block". A series of five arch-top false windows runs along the upper section of the facade. The flanking bays have semi-round windows on the second floor, each divided in three vertically. Each bay is surmounted by an ornate cast iron cornice.</p><br>
<p>The side walls are plain, with primarily two-over-two double-hung windows. Some of the original cast iron shutters are still in place. The rear is divided into three bays, corresponding to the divisions in the front. Each bay contains a center double-door entrance, with a single double-hung window to the side. The second story contains double-hung windows and several opening onto a wood-floor gallery, now considerably deteriorated.</p><br>
<p>Belle Mina, known as Belmina during the 19th century, is a historic plantation and plantation house in Belle Mina, Alabama, United States. Completed in 1826, the Late Georgian-style house was built for Alabama&#39;s second governor, Thomas Bibb.</p><br>
<p>Originally located at the center of a 2,500 acre plantation complex, the red brick main house is one of the earliest Alabama examples of a stereotypical columned plantation house. The house and surrounding 9 acre were added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 31, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the construction of the main house, Bibb had to have a sawmill and a brick kiln built. As the area was still being converted from a frontier, there was no sawed lumber or ready-made brick available. Bibb obtained skilled slave artisans to produce the construction materials and build the house. It took him several years to find a highly skilled slave mason and an expert carpenter.</p><br>
<p>Bibb died in 1839, but the plantation remained in his family until 1941. At that time it was purchased by Dr. and Mrs. Berthold Kennedy, who renovated the mansion shortly afterwards. Another renovation was completed in 1967. At that time a kitchen wing and garage were built and some minor interior modifications were done.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story brick structure features exterior walls that are 3 ft thick, laid in Flemish bond. The front (east) elevation of the house is dominated by a monumental Tuscan hexastyle portico that spans the entire five-bay, 60 ft wide front facade. The floor of the stylobate and the columns are brick. The portico shelters the main front entrance with its delicate fanlight and sidelights in the central bay. A three-part window is centered above the front entrance. The remaining bays are defined by rectangular twelve-over-twelve sash windows on both levels. A hip roof, originally crowned by a balustrade, covers both the portico and main structure. An original one-story, semi-detached brick service wing with three rooms is located towards the rear of the house, on the south side.</p><br>
<p>The house and grounds were originally surrounded by a 5 ft high brick wall. It was demolished during the Civil War. The rooftop deck and balustrade were destroyed in a tornado on July 16, 1875.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house features Federal style woodwork, Adam style fireplace mantels, and a spiral primary stairway. The floor plan is based on the center-hall prototype, with two large primary rooms to either side of a 15 x hallway. The first floor also features a side hall and a secondary stairway.</p><br>
